Screening the literature

Literature screening in evidence synthesis is a two-stage process used to identify studies that meet pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

First, titles and abstracts are screened for relevance. Then, full texts of potentially eligible studies are reviewed in detail.

At least two independent reviewers typically conduct screening to minimize bias and ensure consistency. Disagreements are resolved by consensus or a third reviewer.

Screening tools help to streamline the process, help manage references, and track decisions.

This rigorous approach ensures only relevant studies are included, maintaining the focus, transparency, and reliability of the evidence synthesis.

Level descriptors

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Understands the importance of screening as part of the foundation for the evidence synthesis process.

Aware that reliability across raters is important and can be tested.

Demonstrates ability to perform title and abstract screening using a screening software or spreadsheet against eligibility criteria under close supervision.

Demonstrates ability to perform full text screening using screening software or spreadsheets. Aware of reporting requirements (e.g. presenting a list of reasons for exclusions).

Contributes towards literature screening section of protocol.

Engages with topic experts to refine inclusion and exclusion criteria where needed.

Organizes the screening process, tests for inter-rater reliability and makes decisions around switching from screening by two independent people to screening by one person only.

Drafts screening sections of protocol and drafts results of the screening for the final report.

Keeps up to date with, and advises on, emerging methods using machine learning and AI for evidence synthesis screening.

Designs and/or delivers training on literature screening.

Evaluates and promotes screening methods and provides input across your organization.

Leads and promotes the development of screening methods on a national and international basis.

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Screening the literature

Level descriptors

Level 1 - Follow

Level 2 - Assist

Level 3 - Apply

Level 4 - Enable

Level 5 - Ensure, advise

Level 6 - Initiate, influence

Level 7 - Set strategy, inspire, mobilize

Related courses

Professional certificate in evidence synthesis

Cochrane evidence essentials

Evidence synthesis - on demand

Evidence synthesis to inform policy and business decision-making

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